문제

1 second, 64 MB, 100 points Due to the frantical usage of the racket to kill flies, Marin has sustained a serious bodily injury known to the medical community as epicondylitis lateralis humeri. His grandma has advised smearing rakija over it, the doctor has prescribed a strong painkiller, but Marin has ignored every single advice and decided to look for the answer in integer sequences. He has discovered a previously undiscovered sequence of integers and called it the xorbonacci sequence. The nth element in the sequence is denoted with xn. The sequence is defined recursively in the following way: x1 = a1, x2 = a2, ... xk = ak, xn = xn−1 ⊕xn−2 ⊕... ⊕xn−k, n > k Because of a reason only known to Marin, he determined that all his sorrows will go away if you answer his Q queries defined with numbers l and r. The answer to the query is represented with the value xl ⊕xl+1 ⊕... ⊕xr−1 ⊕xr Help Marin and answer his queries. Please note: The operation ⊕is the operation of binary XOR.

입력

The first line of input contains the integer K (1 ⩽K ⩽100 000) from the task. The following line contains K integers that represent the first K elements in the xorbonacci sequence. All numbers are smaller than 1018. The following line contains the integer Q (1 ⩽Q ⩽106) from the task. The ith of the following Q lines contains two integers li and ri (1 ⩽li ⩽ri ⩽1018) that represent Marin’s ith query.

출력

Each of the following Q lines of output must contain the answers to Marin’s queries, the order being the same as the input.

예제 입력 1

4
1 3 5 7
3
2 2
2 5
1 5

예제 출력 1

3
1
0

예제 입력 2

5
3 3 4 3 2
4
1 2
1 3
5 6
7 9

예제 출력 2

0
4
7
4